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shiro源码分析(六)CredentialsMatcher 的案例分析

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有了上一篇文章的原理分析,这一篇文章主要结合原理来进行使用。
shiro.ini配置为:

[main]
#realm  
dataSource=com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource  
dataSource.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  
dataSource.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shiro  
dataSource.user=XXXXXX  
dataSource.password=XXXXX
jdbcRealm=org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc.JdbcRealm  
jdbcRealm.dataSource=$dataSource  
jdbcRealm.permissionsLookupEnabled=true
securityManager.realms=$jdbcRealm 

代码为:
public class ShiroTest {
	@Test  
	public void testHelloworld() {  
		init();
		
		Subject subject=login("lg","123");
		System.out.println(subject.hasRole("role1"));
		System.out.println(subject.hasRole("role2"));
		System.out.println(subject.hasRole("role3"));
	}
	private Subject login(String userName,String password){
		 //3、得到Subject及创建用户名/密码身份验证Token(即用户身份/凭证)  
	    Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();  
	    UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(userName,password);  
	    subject.login(token);
	    return subject;
	}
	private void init(){
		 //1、获取SecurityManager工厂,此处使用Ini配置文件初始化SecurityManager  
	    Factory<org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager> factory =  
	            new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");  
	    //2、得到SecurityManager实例 并绑定给SecurityUtils  
	    org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();  
	    SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);  
	}
}

此案例,对于jdbcRealm并没有配置CredentialsMatcher,它会使用默认的CredentialsMatcher即SimpleCredentialsMatcher,如下:
 public AuthenticatingRealm() {
        this(null, new SimpleCredentialsMatcher());
    }
    public AuthenticatingRealm(CacheManager cacheManager) {
        this(cacheManager, new SimpleCredentialsMatcher());
    }

从上一篇文章中知道SimpleCredentialsMatcher不进行加密,仅仅匹配密码对应的字节数组。
所以代码中用户lg的登陆密码为123,则数据库中的密码也是明文123。

下面我们就开始进行加密,首先从CredentialsMatcher的第三个分支来说,使用HashedCredentialsMatcher来进行加密。加密方式为salt自定义、hash次数为2、加密算法为md5的加密过程。配置文件如下所示:

[main]
#realm  
dataSource=com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource  
dataSource.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  
dataSource.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shiro  
dataSource.user=XXXX  
dataSource.password=XXXX
jdbcRealm=org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc.JdbcRealm  
jdbcRealm.dataSource=$dataSource  
jdbcRealm.permissionsLookupEnabled=true
credentialsMatcher=org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.HashedCredentialsMatcher
credentialsMatcher.hashAlgorithmName=MD5
credentialsMatcher.hashIterations=2
jdbcRealm.credentialsMatcher=$credentialsMatcher
securityManager.realms=$jdbcRealm 

如用户"lg"明文密码为"123",假如salt为"www",hash次数为2,加密算法为"MD5",则密文可如下方式算出:
Hash hash=new SimpleHash("MD5", new SimpleByteSource("123"),new SimpleByteSource("www"),2);
		System.out.println(hash.toHex());

经过md5加密后变成byte数组,存在Hash的bytes属性中,然后使用hash.toHex()将byte数组转换成16进制的字符串,最终结果为"9bfe7c447c6c58389824bd8f1719b0bb",然后将该结果作为密码的密文存到数据库中,同时我们把salt也存到数据库中,则数据库中是如下记录:



数据库的数据准备完毕,然后就开始代码设置。第一个设置就是,读取用户"lg"的记录的时候要把password_salt读取出来,即sql语句应该为DEFAULT_SALTED_AUTHENTICATION_QUERY =select password, password_salt from users where username = ?
然而默认的sql语句是:DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_QUERY=select password from users where username = ?
如何才能达到上述替换结果呢?

public void setSaltStyle(SaltStyle saltStyle) {
        this.saltStyle = saltStyle;
        if (saltStyle == SaltStyle.COLUMN && authenticationQuery.equals(DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_QUERY)) {
            authenticationQuery = DEFAULT_SALTED_AUTHENTICATION_QUERY;
        }
    }

从上面代码中可以看到,需要设置JdbcRealm的saltStyle 为SaltStyle.COLUMN。saltStyle 是一个枚举类型,然而在ini配置文件中,并不支持设置枚举类型,只能暂时在代码中如下解决:
Collection<Realm> realms=((RealmSecurityManager) securityManager).getRealms();    
        JdbcRealm jdbcRealm=(JdbcRealm)realms.toArray()[0];
        jdbcRealm.setSaltStyle(SaltStyle.COLUMN);

或者开涛大神又给出另外一种解决方案:注册一个Enum转换器,这个我准备在下一篇文章中给出ini配置文件的源码解析。
上述设置,就会使JdbcRealm 从数据库中读出用户"lg"的AuthenticationInfo信息中含有密文和salt。JdbcRealm下一步就要进行AuthenticationToken token(含有用户提交的明文密码"123") AuthenticationInfo info(含有密文密码"9bfe7c447c6c58389824bd8f1719b0bb",和salt "www")的匹配过程

public boolean doCredentialsMatch(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationInfo info) {
        Object tokenHashedCredentials = hashProvidedCredentials(token, info);
        Object accountCredentials = getCredentials(info);
        return equals(tokenHashedCredentials, accountCredentials);
    }

hashProvidedCredentials方法:HashedCredentialsMatcher会将明文密码"123"进行如下类似的操作:
new SimpleHash("MD5", new SimpleByteSource("123"),new SimpleByteSource("www"),2)


其中md5算法和hash次数2为我们所配置的,www则是从数据库中读出来的。
得到tokenHashedCredentials =上述的结果。
getCredentials方法:会将AuthenticationInfo info的密文密码先进行decode,如下:

protected Object getCredentials(AuthenticationInfo info) {
        Object credentials = info.getCredentials();

        byte[] storedBytes = toBytes(credentials);

        if (credentials instanceof String || credentials instanceof char[]) {
            //account.credentials were a char[] or String, so
            //we need to do text decoding first:
            if (isStoredCredentialsHexEncoded()) {
                storedBytes = Hex.decode(storedBytes);
            } else {
                storedBytes = Base64.decode(storedBytes);
            }
        }
        AbstractHash hash = newHashInstance();
        hash.setBytes(storedBytes);
        return hash;
    }

为什么呢?因为我们之前算出的密文是byte数组,然后进行了16进制转换变成字符串,所以这里要将密文密码"9bfe7c447c6c58389824bd8f1719b0bb"先decode还原出byte数组
isStoredCredentialsHexEncoded()方法返回HashedCredentialsMatcher的storedCredentialsHexEncoded属性,默认为true,即会进行16进制的decode,正好符合我们的要求。如果设置为false,则要进行Base64解码。
tokenHashedCredentials 和上述getCredentials(AuthenticationInfo info)的结果的byte数组内容都是进过相同的算法和salt和hash次数,所以他们会匹配上,进而验证通过。


再来看下CredentialsMatcher的另一个分支PasswordMatcher的使用:
我们知道,根据上一篇文章的原理,PasswordMatcher会对AuthenticationInfo的密码进行String和Hash的判断。而我们的JdbcRealm在创建获取用户的AuthenticationInfo时,默认采用的是char数组的形式存储的,如下:

protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {

        UsernamePasswordToken upToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
        String username = upToken.getUsername();

        // Null username is invalid
        if (username == null) {
            throw new AccountException("Null usernames are not allowed by this realm.");
        }

        Connection conn = null;
        SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = null;
        try {
            conn = dataSource.getConnection();

            String password = null;
            String salt = null;
            switch (saltStyle) {
            case NO_SALT:
                password = getPasswordForUser(conn, username)[0];
                break;
            case CRYPT:
                // TODO: separate password and hash from getPasswordForUser[0]
                throw new ConfigurationException("Not implemented yet");
                //break;
            case COLUMN:
                String[] queryResults = getPasswordForUser(conn, username);
                password = queryResults[0];
                salt = queryResults[1];
                break;
            case EXTERNAL:
                password = getPasswordForUser(conn, username)[0];
                salt = getSaltForUser(username);
            }

            if (password == null) {
                throw new UnknownAccountException("No account found for user [" + username + "]");
            }

//重点在这里在这里在这里在这里在这里在这里在这里  password.toCharArray()变成了char数组
            info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(username, password.toCharArray(), getName());
            
            if (salt != null) {
                info.setCredentialsSalt(ByteSource.Util.bytes(salt));
            }

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            final String message = "There was a SQL error while authenticating user [" + username + "]";
            if (log.isErrorEnabled()) {
                log.error(message, e);
            }

            // Rethrow any SQL errors as an authentication exception
            throw new AuthenticationException(message, e);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtils.closeConnection(conn);
        }

        return info;
    }

所以如果想让AuthenticationInfo存储的密码存储形式为Hash,则需要我们来自定义JdbcRealm。虽然是char数组,但PasswordMatcher对char数组转换成了String,如下:
protected Object getStoredPassword(AuthenticationInfo storedAccountInfo) {
        Object stored = storedAccountInfo != null ? storedAccountInfo.getCredentials() : null;
        //fix for https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SHIRO-363
        if (stored instanceof char[]) {
            stored = new String((char[])stored);
        }
        return stored;
    }

所以会调用PasswordService的boolean passwordsMatch(Object submittedPlaintext, String encrypted)。
案例如下:

@Test  
	public void testHelloworld() {  
		init();
		
		register("lisi","456");
		
		Subject subject=login("lisi","456");
		System.out.println(subject.hasRole("role1"));
		System.out.println(subject.hasRole("role2"));
		System.out.println(subject.hasRole("role3"));
	}
	
	public void register(String username,String password){
		JdbcRealm jdbcRealm=getJdbcRelam();
		PasswordMatcher passwordMatcher=(PasswordMatcher) jdbcRealm.getCredentialsMatcher();
		String encryptPassword=passwordMatcher.getPasswordService().encryptPassword(password);
		//保存用户名和密文到数据库,这里不再做
		System.out.println(encryptPassword);
	}
	
	private Subject login(String userName,String password){
		 //3、得到Subject及创建用户名/密码身份验证Token(即用户身份/凭证)  
	    Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();  
	    UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(userName,password);  
	    subject.login(token);
	    return subject;
	}
	
	private void init(){
		 //1、获取SecurityManager工厂,此处使用Ini配置文件初始化SecurityManager  
	    Factory<org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager> factory =  
	            new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");  
	    //2、得到SecurityManager实例 并绑定给SecurityUtils  
	    org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();  
	    SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);  
        JdbcRealm jdbcRealm=getJdbcRelam();
        jdbcRealm.setSaltStyle(SaltStyle.COLUMN);
	}
	
	public JdbcRealm getJdbcRelam(){
		Collection<Realm> realms=((RealmSecurityManager)SecurityUtils.getSecurityManager()).getRealms();    
        return (JdbcRealm)realms.toArray()[0];
	}

ini配置为:
[main]
#realm  
dataSource=com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource  
dataSource.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  
dataSource.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shiro  
dataSource.user=XXXX
dataSource.password=XXXX
jdbcRealm=org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc.JdbcRealm  
jdbcRealm.dataSource=$dataSource  
jdbcRealm.permissionsLookupEnabled=true
credentialsMatcher=org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.PasswordMatcher
jdbcRealm.credentialsMatcher=$credentialsMatcher
securityManager.realms=$jdbcRealm 

第一个过程就是用户注册,对密码进行加密然后存到数据库的过程,我们全部使用PasswordMatcher最简单的默认配置,获取密文过程即用户注册的过程,先根据SecurityManager拿到JdbcRealm,再由JdbcRealm拿到PasswordMatcher,再根据PasswordMatcher拿到PasswordService,有了PasswordService就可以对明文密码进行加密了,打印的密文密码结果为:$shiro1$SHA-256$500000$y37r7l1qqEoIVXprJBfvbA==$065oJsZajS1yhGBUYYyxV1ThQ8brGw/9Koa6sDMmKAw=(每执行一次加密过程都会变,内部使用了随机生成salt的机制)
存到数据库中。如下截图:



然后就可以直接用账号"lisi"和上述明文密码"456"来进行登陆,也可以登陆成功。
然后我们就分析下使用PasswordService对明文加密的过程和用户登录时的匹配过程(有了前一篇文章的原理分析,然后就能够更改默认配置,实现自己的需求)

先是PasswordService的各项默认配置:
我们jdbcRealm配置的credentialsMatcher是org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.PasswordMatcher,它的配置如下:

public class PasswordMatcher implements CredentialsMatcher {

    private PasswordService passwordService;

    public PasswordMatcher() {
        this.passwordService = new DefaultPasswordService();
    }
    //内部使用了DefaultPasswordService
}

再看DefaultPasswordService的配置:
public class DefaultPasswordService implements HashingPasswordService {

    public static final String DEFAULT_HASH_ALGORITHM = "SHA-256";
    public static final int DEFAULT_HASH_ITERATIONS = 500000; //500,000

    private HashService hashService;
    private HashFormat hashFormat;
    private HashFormatFactory hashFormatFactory;

    private volatile boolean hashFormatWarned; //used to avoid excessive log noise

    public DefaultPasswordService() {
        this.hashFormatWarned = false;

        DefaultHashService hashService = new DefaultHashService();
        hashService.setHashAlgorithmName(DEFAULT_HASH_ALGORITHM);
        hashService.setHashIterations(DEFAULT_HASH_ITERATIONS);
        hashService.setGeneratePublicSalt(true); //always want generated salts for user passwords to be most secure
        this.hashService = hashService;

        this.hashFormat = new Shiro1CryptFormat();
        this.hashFormatFactory = new DefaultHashFormatFactory();
    }
    //略
}

它内部使用的HashService:算法为DEFAULT_HASH_ALGORITHM即"SHA-256",hash次数为DEFAULT_HASH_ITERATIONS即500000,是否产生publicSalt为true,即一定会产生publicSalt(我们知道最终要参与计算的salt是publicSalt和privateSalt的合并,这里默认并没有设置DefaultHashService 的privateSalt)。

它内部使用的HashFormat:为Shiro1CryptFormat,它的format方法能将一个Hash格式化成一个字符串,它的parse方法能将一个上述格式化的字符串解析成一个Hash。

它内部使用的HashFormatFactory:为经过HashFormat格式化的字符串找到对应的HashFormat。

看完了DefaultPasswordService的基本配置,然后就来看下对明文密码的加密过程:

public String encryptPassword(Object plaintext) {
        Hash hash = hashPassword(plaintext);
        checkHashFormatDurability();
        return this.hashFormat.format(hash);
    }

第一个过程,即将明文密码通过HashService的算法等配置加密成一个Hash
public Hash hashPassword(Object plaintext) {
        ByteSource plaintextBytes = createByteSource(plaintext);
        if (plaintextBytes == null || plaintextBytes.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
        HashRequest request = createHashRequest(plaintextBytes);
        return hashService.computeHash(request);
    }
protected HashRequest createHashRequest(ByteSource plaintext) {
        return new HashRequest.Builder().setSource(plaintext).build();
    }

先创建一个HashRequest ,最终为new SimpleHashRequest(this.algorithmName, this.source, this.salt, this.iterations);这个Request只有明文密码不为空,其他都为空,iterations为0。通过hashService.computeHash(request)过程来生成一个new SimpleHash(algorithmName, source, salt, iterations);

algorithmName:来自hashService的算法名即SHA-256

source:即来自明文密码

salt:是hashService的privateSalt(从上文知道为空)和publicSalt的合并。由于hashService的generatePublicSalt属性为true(从上文知道),所以会生成publicSalt,是如下方式随机生成的

publicSalt = getRandomNumberGenerator().nextBytes();


hash次数:上述SimpleHashRequest的hash次数为0,所以采用的是hashService的hash次数即500000

综上所述,hashService产生了一个new SimpleHashRequest("SHA-256", this.source, this.salt, 500000)的一个hash。

接下来就是用hashFormat来格式化这个Hash,过程如下:

public String format(Hash hash) {
        if (hash == null) {
            return null;
        }
        String algorithmName = hash.getAlgorithmName();
        ByteSource salt = hash.getSalt();
        int iterations = hash.getIterations();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(MCF_PREFIX).append(algorithmName).append(TOKEN_DELIMITER).append(iterations).append(TOKEN_DELIMITER);

        if (salt != null) {
            sb.append(salt.toBase64());
        }

        sb.append(TOKEN_DELIMITER);
        sb.append(hash.toBase64());

        return sb.toString();
    }

MCF_PREFIX为:$shiro1$,TOKEN_DELIMITER为:$
格式化的字符串为:    $shiro1$算法名字$hash次数$salt的base64编码$hash的base64编码
所以得到的加密密文的结果为:
$shiro1$SHA-256$500000$y37r7l1qqEoIVXprJBfvbA==$065oJsZajS1yhGBUYYyxV1ThQ8brGw/9Koa6sDMmKAw=

所以这个密文每一部分都代表着一定的内容,从而可以实现parse,得到采用的算法、hash次数、salt信息。所以在用户登陆的时候,就可以将用户的明文密码仍按照此配置进行一次加密来匹配,即可断定用户的密码是否正确,这其实就是密码匹配过程所采用的方式。

上述案例是使用PasswordMatcher默认配置,现在如果我们想更改算法、salt、和hash次数来满足我们的需求。

PasswordMatcher是依靠PasswordService,默认的PasswordService是DefaultPasswordService,DefaultPasswordService又是靠HashService(默认是DefaultHashService)的算法、salt、hash次数等配置来加密的,所以我们要更改算法、salt、hash次数则要DefaultHashService进行设置,如我们想用md5算法来加密、publicSalt为随机生成,hash次数为3次,则ini配置文件要如下更改:

[main]
#realm  
dataSource=com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource  
dataSource.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  
dataSource.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shiro  
dataSource.user=root  
dataSource.password=ligang
jdbcRealm=org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc.JdbcRealm  
jdbcRealm.dataSource=$dataSource  
jdbcRealm.permissionsLookupEnabled=true

hashService=org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash.DefaultHashService
hashService.hashAlgorithmName=MD5
hashService.hashIterations=3
hashService.generatePublicSalt=true

passwordService=org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.DefaultPasswordService
passwordService.hashService=$hashService

credentialsMatcher=org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.PasswordMatcher
credentialsMatcher.passwordService=$passwordService

jdbcRealm.credentialsMatcher=$credentialsMatcher
securityManager.realms=$jdbcRealm 


PasswordMatcher是依靠PasswordService来实现加密和匹配的,所以我们可以自定义一个PasswordService来按照我们自己约定的加密规则来实现加密,如下所示:
public class MyPasswordService implements PasswordService{
	
	private String algorithmName="MD5";
	private int iterations=5;
	private String salt="2014";
	
	private HashFormat hashFormat=new Shiro1CryptFormat();

	@Override
	public String encryptPassword(Object plaintextPassword)
			throws IllegalArgumentException {
		Hash hash=new SimpleHash(algorithmName,ByteSource.Util.bytes(plaintextPassword),ByteSource.Util.bytes(salt), iterations);
		return hashFormat.format(hash);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean passwordsMatch(Object submittedPlaintext, String encrypted) {
		Hash hash=new SimpleHash(algorithmName,ByteSource.Util.bytes(submittedPlaintext),ByteSource.Util.bytes(salt), iterations);
		String password=hashFormat.format(hash);
		return encrypted.equals(password);
	}
}

加密过程和匹配过程都采用相同的步骤来实现匹配。以上便是一个简单的PasswordService实现,ini配置更改为:
[main]
#realm  
dataSource=com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource  
dataSource.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  
dataSource.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shiro  
dataSource.user=root  
dataSource.password=ligang
jdbcRealm=org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc.JdbcRealm  
jdbcRealm.dataSource=$dataSource  
jdbcRealm.permissionsLookupEnabled=true

passwordService=com.lg.shiro.MyPasswordService

credentialsMatcher=org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.PasswordMatcher
credentialsMatcher.passwordService=$passwordService

jdbcRealm.credentialsMatcher=$credentialsMatcher
securityManager.realms=$jdbcRealm 


作者: 乒乓狂魔
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